FINGERS AND FORKS
PRELIMINARY
A. Background
1. Fingers and forks
You will have learned your eating habits from the people around you. And they will eat in the way that suit them best. Eating habits have usually been worked out over hundreds and hundreds of years. People in most western countries eat three times a day. They have breakfast in the morning, a meal in the middle of the day and another meal in the evening. But sometimes they have another meal too, just before they go to bed. Norwegians usually eat four meals, and many farm families in norway even have five!.
Most Europeans and Americans eat from plates, and use a knife, fork and spoon. But when they stop for a take away snack they usually use their fingers.
Arab families usually eat only with their right hands, whether they use fingers or spoons. Japanese and Chinese people pick up heir food with chopstick. This might seem difficult to some people but with practice anyone can do it.
CONTENS
2.1 Finger and Fork
A. Fork
As a piece of cutlery or kitchenware, a fork is a tool consisting of a handle with several narrow tines on one end. The fork, as an eating utensil, has been a feature primarily of the West, whereas in East Asia chopsticks have been more prevalent.
The Fork`s in East Asia
The utensil (usually metal) is used to lift food to the mouth or to hold food in place while cooking or cutting it. Food can be lifted by spearing on the tines, or by holding it on top of the tines, which are often curved slightly.
The fork`s in American
In the American style of fork etiquette, the fork is held with tines curving up. However, in continental style, the fork is held with the tines curving down. A fork is also shaped in the form of a trident but curved at the joint of the handle to the points
The fork's in Italy
In Italy, it became popular by the 14th century, which used for eating by merchant and upper classes. It was proper for a guest to arrive with his own fork and spoon enclosed in a box called a cadena. This usage was introduced to the French court with Catherine de' Medici's entourage.
The fork's in northern Europe
Its use was first described in English by Thomas Coryat in a volume of writings on his Italian travels (1611). Some writers of the Roman Catholic Church expressly disapproved of its use, seeing it as "excessive delicacy": "God in his wisdom has provided man with natural forks — his fingers. Therefore it is an insult to Him to substitute artificial metallic forks for them when eating." It was not until the 18th century the fork became commonly used in Great Britain, although some sources say forks were common in France, England and Sweden already by the early 17th century. The curved fork that is used in most parts of the world today, was developed in Germany in the mid 18th century.
The 20th century also saw the emergence of the "spork", a utensil that is half-fork and half-spoon.
The back of the spork is shaped like a spoon and can scoop food while the front has shortened tines like a fork, allowing spearing of food, making it convenient and easy to use. It has found popularity in fast food and military settings.
Bronze forks made in Iran during the 8th or 9th century.
The word 'fork' is derived from the Latin furca, meaning "pitchfork." The ancient Greeks used the fork as a serving utensil. There are many different types of forks and they can be made out of different materials like metal and plastic.
Bone forks had been found in the burial site of Qijia culture as well as later Chinese dynasties' tombs.
The Romans used forks and there are many examples of Roman forks on display in museums around Europe.Examples of these forks date from the 2nd century masehi.
Before the fork was introduced, Westerners were reliant on the spoon and knife as the only eating utensils. Thus, people would largely eat food with their hands, calling for a common spoon when required.
Members of the aristocracy would sometimes be accustomed to manners considered more proper and hold two knives at meals and use them both to cut and transfer food to the mouth, using the spoon for soups and broth.
The earliest forks usually had only two tines. The tines on these implements were straight, meaning the fork could only be used for spearing food and not for scooping it.
The fork allowed meat to be easily held in place while being cut. The fork also allowed one to spike a piece of meat and shake off any undesired excess of sauce or liquid before consuming it.
B. Chopstick
Chopsticks are small tapered sticks used in pairs of equal length as the traditional eating utensils of Greater China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and Northern provinces of Laos, Thailand and Burma. Generally believed to have originated in ancient China, they can also be found in some areas of Tibet and Nepal that are close to Han Chinese populations.
Chopsticks are most commonly made of bamboo or plastic, but are also made of metal, bone, ivory, and various types of wood. The pair of sticks is maneuvered in one hand, between the thumb and fingers, and used to pick up pieces of food.
The English word "chopstick" seems to have been derived from Chinese Pidgin English, a pidgin in which "chop chop" meant quickly.
The Mandarin Chinese word for chopsticks.
In ancient written Chinese, the word for "chopsticks" was Zhu. However, it is postulated by some that the pronunciation for the character Zhu became a taboo on ships because it sounded similar to the word meaning "to stop" in spoken Chinese languages. Although the Zhu have been used in many ancient spoken Chinese, its use was eventually replaced by the pronunciation for the character Kuai, meaning fast or quick.
In Japanese, chopsticks are called hashi. Also known as otemoto, a phrase commonly printed on the wrappers of disposable chopsticks. "O" is honorific and "temoto" was euphemistic jargon of the ladies in attendance at the imperial court meaning that which is within your reach.
In Korean, is used in the compound jeokkarak Composed of jeo (chopsticks) and garak (stick). Jeo cannot be used alone.
In Vietnamese, chopsticks are called "đũa”.
Chopsticks originated in ancient China as early as the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 SM). The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin dated roughly 1200 SM. While China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam had long included chopsticks as part of their traditional eating utensils. Chopsticks being used to eat the Japanese dish nattō.
Many countries in Southeast Asia had traditionally eaten with their hands, but through the influence of Chinese immigrants, countries such as Thailand began to use chopsticks, albeit almost exclusively in noodle dishes. Rice and other foods are generally eaten with a western spoon and fork rather than chopsticks.
Many rules of etiquette govern the proper conduct of the use of chopsticks. Held between the thumb and fingers of one hand, chopsticks are used like tongs to pick up portions of food which are prepared and brought to the table in small and convenient pieces. Chopsticks may also be used (except in Korea) as means for sweeping rice and other nominal morsels into the mouth directly from the bowl. Chopsticks are traditionally use in the right hand, even by some left-handed people. A few still consider left-handed chopstick use as improper etiquette. This practice prevents a left-handed chopstick user from accidentally elbowing a right-handed user when seated closely together.
In chopstick-using cultures, food is generally made into small pieces; however, some chopstick designs have carved rings encircling the tips to aid in grasping larger pieces of food. Rice, which would be difficult to eat with chopsticks if prepared using Western methods, is usually prepared in East Asia with more water, which leads to "clumping" of the rice conducive to eating with chopsticks.
C. Finger
Eating with hand is a quite a tradisional and an ongoing practice, despite the onslaught of western culture and estiquette. Eating with hand is the most natural, hasslefree and convenient practice. By using your hand, you are able to feel the temperature and texture of the food; you are in position to mix different food items well; For people with chewing problems(like lack of teeth) crusing and mashing the food items and mixing well with fluids to make a homogenous paste for easy eating is conveniently done with hand.
Here are some guidelines on how to eat with your hands
1. Eating with right hand
2. Wash the hand thoroughly before eating
3. You can eat food off the dining table or sitting on floor
4. You can use all fingers and the palm
This is methods eat in any countries :
1. China
Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only, even for the left-handed. A few still consider left-handed chopstick use improper etiquette. One explanation for the treatment of such usage as improper is that within the confines of a round table this may be inconvenient.
2. United kingdom
The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right when used at the same time.
You should hold your knife with the handle in your palm and your fork in the other hand with the tines pointing downwards.
When eating soup, you should hold your spoon in your right hand and tip the bowl away from you, scooping the soup in movements away from yourself. The soup spoon should never be put into the mouth, and soup should be sipped from the side of the spoon, not the end.
3. Emirates
When eat at the hotel will find so many utensils that lay on the table but not find a spoon and fork at the dining tables. Because they prefer to eat with hands.
Other than that they like to eat-do in one place, for example rice container placed in a rather large, from this container together they eat besides rice are also in the pile of meat, goat meat, camel meat, especially if they've been eating like licking her fingers.
Conclusion
a. Fingers and Forks
So in many countries are use tools for eat which different method. There are use fingers, forks, knife etc. for example in Chinese and Japanese they pick up their food with chopstick. Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only, even for the left-handed. But in Arab families usually eat only with their right hands. Because they prefer to eat with their hands, than use spoon and fork. It different with Europeans and Americans. They eat use a knife, fork, and spoon. The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right.
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